 | Courses and Seminars Diploma in Sanskrit Language Course Structure The four-year course for the Diploma in Sanskrit is structured as follows: FIRST YEAR INTRODUCTION TO THE SANSKRIT LANGUAGE · Brief history of the Sanskrit language · Writing in Sanskrit: the devanāgarī alphabet · Sanskrit phonetics and the phonetic transcription system · Alphabetical order and dictionary usage · Word types · Visarga sandhi · Vowel sandhi · Consonant sandhi (m, n, t) · Internal sandhi: retroflex articulation of “n” · Weighting of vowels: “guna” and “vrddhi” · Declension of male and “–a”-stem neuter nouns (singular and plural) · Conjugation of thematic verbs (singular y plural): present indicative; imperfect past; imperative · Conjugation of irregular verbs: “karoti” and “asti” · Personal pronouns in the 1st and 2nd person (singular) · Personal pronouns in the 3rd person (masculine and neuter singular) · Sentence word order · Indeclinable particles: “ca”, “na”, “iha”, “tatra”, “kimtu”, “saha”, “vinā”, “cit”, “iti”, “api”, “eva”, “mā”, and “yena” · Interrogative pronouns: “kutra”, “kadā”, “katham”, and “kutah” · Correlative pairs: yatra–tatra; “yadā-tadā”, and “yatah-tatah” · Preverbs and compound verbs. SECOND YEAR · Adjectives: declension and agreement between the adjective and the noun; adjectival nouns · Vowel sandhi (“ai”, “au” before a vowel) · 3rd Person personal pronouns (feminine) · Consonant sandhi (“in” and “–an” before a vowel) · Pronoun declension: “tad”, “ka”, “ya”, “sarva”, “eka”, and “anya” · Prefixes (“sva-” and “a-”) and suffixes (“-tva”) · Correlative pairs: yathā-tathā, yah-sah · Construction of subordinate clauses with relative pronouns · Declension of masculine and “–a”-stem neuter nouns (dual) · Declension of nouns and adjectives with consonant stem (“–s”, “–in”, and “–an”-stem masculine and neuter nouns) · Conjugation of thematic verbs (dual): present indicative; imperfect past; imperative · 3rd Person personal pronouns (masculine and neutral dual and plural; feminine singular, dual and plural) · Personal pronouns in the 1st and 2nd person (dual and plural) · Sandhi exceptions: pragrhya · Indeclinable particles: “vā” · Declension of “–ā”-stem feminine nouns (singular, dual, and plural) · Conjugation of irregular verbs: śrnoti · Syntax: active and passive sentences · Past passive participle: construction, declension and usage · Usage of the past participle: passive voice, expression in the past, subordinate clauses, participle sequences · Locative absolute · Present participle in the active voice: construction, declension, and usage · Long and short syllables, and versification. THIRD YEAR CERTIFICATE IN SÁNSKRIT LANGUAGE · Noun composition: copulative compounds (dvandva), dependent determinative compounds (tatpurusa), descriptive compounds (karmadhāraya) and exocentric compounds (bahuvrīhi) · Declension of “–ī”-stem feminine nouns (singular, dual, and plural) and adjectives · Declension of “–ū”-stem feminine nouns (singular, dual, and plural) and adjectives · Declension of masculine and feminine “–ṛ”-stem nouns (action nouns and relational nouns) in the singular, dual, and plural · Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives (masculine and feminine) · Present participle in the active voice: declension (feminine) · Declension of feminine consonant-stem adjectives · Prefixes: “mahā-”, “sa-”, “nih-”, “su-”, and “duh-” · Conjugation of irregular verbs (imperative and active present participle) · Initial consonant “r”-sandhi · Noun derivation · Declension of “–i” and “–u”-stem nouns (masculine, feminine and neuter) and adjectives in the singular, dual, and plural · The verb root and the generation of the verb stem from the root (thematic and irregular verbs) · Causative verbs with an “-aya” suffix · Indeclinable participles: absolutive (“tvā” and “ya”) · Enclitic forms of personal pronouns · Adverb formation · The future tense: construction, conjugation and usage · Adjectives and nouns formed from verb roots. FOURTH YEAR DIPLOMA IN SANSKRIT LANGUAGE · The middle voice (ātmanepada): Conjugation of the present, imperfect past, and imperative (regular and irregular verbs) · Active present participle with the ātmanepada · Passive voice: conjugation, construction and usage (personal and impersonal) · Infinitive: construction and usage · Declension of cardinal and ordinal numbers · Gerundives (krtyas) · Desiderative forms (verbs, nouns and adjectives) · Active past participle with the suffix “-–vat” · The optative mood: conjugation, construction and usage (thematic and irregular verbs; parasmaipada and ātmanepada) Comparatives and superlatives · Pluperfect: construction, conjugation and usage · Pronouns: “ena” and “asau” · Suffixes: “-tā” and “-vat” · Aorist. Prohibitive forms. See Book List | |||||||||||||||||
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